The working principle of these meters is the same as the pipeline electromagnetic flowmeter, which is more fully described in chapter 14. Measurement principles and how to use lcr meters and impedance analyzers. These current meters can also measure crossflow and are directional. The national optical astronomy observatorys dark skies. The solinst model 122m mini interface meter has a narrow 58 16 mm diameter probe, and uses lasermarked pvdf jacketed cable. May 15, 2018 before we introduce various types of power factor meters it is very essential to understand what are the needs of power factor meter. This meter is able to perform current, voltage and power measurements in three phase supply systems. Energy meter or watthour meter is an electrical instrument that measures the amount of electrical energy used by the consumers. The national optical astronomy observatorys dark skies and energy education program luxmeter instructions introduction. Applications for testing typical components including multilayer ceramic capacitors mlcc, electrolytic capacitors, inductors, coils, transformers, rfid and piezoelectric elements effectively and accurately. Master lux meter or reference lux meter is the device which acts as a standard for comparison for the uut.
For inductors where is the reactance of the inductor, is the. Working principle of a q meter, electrical engineering. The national optical astronomy observatorys dark skies and. Micro motion 78457847 series density and concentration meters.
The currentmeter with conical cups is more popular because of its accuracy and efficient working. Electricity meters are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour. Calculating a calibration factor when using an rf power meter with an rf power sensor to make an rf power measurement the user must know that the measurement is accurate and there is traceability to a known standard. The operations of this useful laboratory instrument is based on the familiar. Energy meter an electricity meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residance,business or an electrically powered device. It is certified to csa standards, for use in hazardous locations class 1, div. Clamp meters working principle instrumentation tools. Introduction the digital illuminance meter is a precision instrument used to measure illuminance lux, footcandle. Grids, guides, and measurements in pdfs, adobe acrobat. This value does not correlate to an objective value of energy radiated or reflected, as different wavelengths within the visible spectrum are perceived with varying sensitivity by the. It has been largely replaced in professional laboratories by other types of impedance measuring device, though it is still in use among radio amateurs.
An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine. Coils m and m 1 are mounted on a common shaft, which is free to move without restraint or control springs. The current meter with conical cups is more popular because of its accuracy and efficient working. A single phase microcontroller based energy meter conference paper pdf available in conference record ieee instrumentation and measurement technology conference 2. It can be calculated from the current i flowing to the measurement target and the voltage v across the targets terminals. Luxmeter article about luxmeter by the free dictionary. It is fully cosine corrected for the angular incidence of light. When the meter is lowered in water and when it faces the current of water in the channel the wheel rotates. Lux meters light meters selection guide engineering360.
Swrreturn loss measurements using system iia swrreturn loss defined both swr and return loss are a measure of the divergence of a microwave device from a perfect impedance match, for example, 50 they are mathematically interchangeable and result from scalar measurements, which are required for a number of reasons. Power factor meters electrodynamometer type power factor. Micro motion density and concentration meters are built to tackle the most demanding process. Hour meters are designed for the determination and monitoring of operating time, warranty period and maintenance intervals on electrically driven machines and devices. In principle the working of the two types is based on the same theory and can be outlined as mentioned below. Toc analyzer working principle instrumentation tools. Measurement of velocity by currentmeter with diagram. Lcr meters and impedance analyzers measurement principles. The rotameters operation is based on the variable area principle. Jul 31, 2018 operating principle of digital frequency meter a frequency meter has a small device which converts the sinusoidal voltage of the frequency into a train of unidirectional pulses. Vlcek this paper presents the implementation of the can calibration protocol ccp on an electronic control unit ecu using the society of automotive engineers sae recommended practice j1939 multiplex communications protocol.
The most common type is more properly known as a kilowatthour meter or a joule meter. Based on the flow of current, the ferriwheel rotates which makes rotation of other wheels. Since the instruments memory function lets it store measured values, theres no need to take notes by hand in the field. A q meter is a piece of equipment used in the testing of radio frequency circuits. Usbr water measurement manual chapter 10 current meters. A q meter measures the quality factor of a circuit, q, which expresses how much energy is dissipated per cycle in a nonideal reactive circuit.
So, electronic type of threephase energy meter is explained below with its working principle. It implements full automatic control of the flow, in the process of verification, only need to set the current flow point and start the system, it will control flow automatically. Q meter l r signal v v generator multiply q by circuit c q meter tuning capacitor example. How electronic energy meter works mohans electronics blog. Luxmeter a portable instrument for measuring illumination. This paper use automatic flow control and select advanced flow control technique with intelligent flow control algorithm. How does a coriolis mass flow metercontroller work. The jaws are individually wrapped by coils of copper wire. Different scales correspond to different ranges of the. Organic molecules are introduced into the water from the source water, from.
It has a rotating aluminium wheel called ferriwheel and many toothed wheels. Total organic carbon toc is an indirect measure of organic molecules present in water and measured as carbon. When used in electricity retailing, the utilities record the values measured by these meters to generate an invoice for the electricity. Also explain the factors that cause errors during a q factor measurement. Details are displayed when you click on the heading. As the preset period gets completed, the value in the counter display on the screen and the counter reset to zero. There are many different meters used to measure fluid flow. Introduces how to use hiokis ft3424 lux meter, from zeroadjustment and the hold function to making measurements. Heat meter calibration device of flow control based on. Impedance, which is expressed using the quantifier z, indicates resistance to the flow of an ac current. The illuminance meter is compact, tough and easy to handle owing to its construction. It does so by determining liquid velocity using the the principle of magnetic induction.
Inductance and capacitance measurements c voltage source r limiting amplifier dc voltmeter phase detector in this scheme, we measure the phase difference between the input voltage, vin and the voltage across the series resistance. The simplest luxmeter consists of a selenium photocell that converts luminous energy into the energy of an electric current, which is measured by a pointertype microammeter with scales calibrated in luxes ix. When connected to loads, they consume less power and start measuring instantaneous. Lux is a measurement of the overall intensity of light within an environment for any given area or distance from the source or lux is the amount of light in an environments perceived by the human eye.
However, the principles of measurement international pomi were still. The meter then converts this light to an electrical current. With density meters like these at your fingertips, truth really does feel better. The qmeter is an instrument designed for the measurement of qfactor of the coil as well as for the measurement of electrical properties of coils and capacitors. Experiment no 6 to determine the illuminance of different places of college by lux meter equipment. An induc tor is connected to the q meter coil terminals and resonated at the mea surement frequency, the q and tuning capacitance, q and c1, are read, the sample foils are then connected tothe q meter cap terminals ai. A floating tilt current meter typically consists of a subsurface buoyant housing that is anchored to the sea floor with a flexible line or tether. The total energy is the sum of the reading of both the elements. It counts the number events occurring within the oscillations during a given interval of time. Electrical impedance z, is the total opposition that a circuit presents to alternating current.
A sinking tilt current is similar, but the housing is designed such that the meter hangs from the attachment point. Light intensity meter calibration system using comparison. Aug 10, 2010 an electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine. Measuring this current allows the device to calculate the lux value of the light it captured.
Although this lux meter is a complex and delicate instruments, its ruggedness will allow many years of use if proper operating techniques are developed. The instrument must have the same sensitivity as the human eye for each light wavelength, and they must perform cosine correction for the angular incidence of light. The control curves meet control requirements, and improve system control precision. The lux light meters calculation of illuminance is done by using the point source process. You can change the unit of measurement and color used in the ruler. Implementing the can calibration protocol ccp in an sae. Quality of light in workplace, schools and public buildings affect the. The three phase meter is constructed by connecting the two single phase meter through the shaft. The recommendation discusses the principles and procedures of metering and the. The method of connection of this type of power factor meter, in a 3 f circuit, is shown in figure 14. Digital frequency meter is a general purpose instrument that displays the frequency of a periodic electrical signal to an accuracy of three decimal places. Principles and how to use illuminomitor or light meters hioki. The conventional mechanical energy meter is based on the phenomenon of magnetic induction.
The devices have been miniaturized, enabling direct measurement of ph inside of living cells. Consistent with principles of good laboratory practice, calibration is performed. Pdf a single phase microcontroller based energy meter. It specifically measures the intensity with which the brightness appears to the human eye. Robust mass flow meter controller robust mass flow meter controller series d6300. Implementing the can calibration protocol ccp in an sae j1939 application william b. Unique design delivers unparalleled measurement sensitivity and stability. The digital illuminance meter is a precision instrument used to measure illuminance in the field. A sinking tilt current is similar, but the housing is designed such that the. The newly released sinometer luxmeter lx30b is a luxmeter with wide measuring range and lots of nice features. Fluxmeter definition of fluxmeter by the free dictionary. Laboratory density and concentration meters armgate.
Although this lux meter is a complex and delicate instruments, its ruggedness will allow many years of use if. This expression applies to an rf and microwave filter, bandpass lc filter, or any resonator. Toc analyzer working principle total organic carbon toc measurement is commonly used to determine the degree of organic contamination in water. It was developed at boonton radio corporation in boonton, new jersey in 1934 by william d. Regulated light source is used to provide identical input to both the master and uut. A conductor water, for example moving through a magnetic field generated by the magnum flowmeter see illustation will generate a current that. It enables systematic pricing of energy consumed by individual consumer as it measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or. An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residence or business. Lux meters, sometimes called light meters, measure the intensity of illumination as distinguished by the human eye. Principles and how to use illuminomitor or light meters. Operation manual digital lux meter your purchase of this digital lux meter marks a step forward for you into the field of precision measurements. Utilities are one of the electrical departments, which install these instruments at every place like homes, industries, organizations, commercial buildings to charge for the electricity consumption by loads such as lights, fans, refrigerator, and other home appliances. Power factor meters electrodynamometer type power factor meter.
Principles and methods of temperature measurement course content temperature can be measured via a diverse array of sensors. Total organic carbon toc measurement is commonly used to determine the degree of organic contamination in water. Digital mass flow meterscontrollers of the bronkhorst r massstream tmseries d6300 work on the basis of direct throughflow measurement, following the constant temperature anemometer principle. Illuminometers quantify the brightness of a lit surface by measuring luminous flux per unit of area. The torque of both the elements is added mechanically, and the total rotation of the shaft is proportional to the three phase energy consumption. Aug, 2006 an electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residence or business.
Tilt current meters operate under the dragtilt principle and are designed to either float or sink depending on the type. Clamp meters using current transformer for ac measurement current transformer clamp meters are equipped with rigid jaws of made of ferrite iron. This instrument operates on the principle of series resonance i. Why we do not directly calculate power factor in an ac circuit just by dividing the power with product of current and voltage because these readings can. It also can be applied to an inductor or capacitor at a chosen frequency. Apr 17, 2014 energy meter an electricity meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residance,business or an electrically powered device. A lux meter works by using a photo cell to capture light. A ph meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogenion activity in waterbased.
Lx9 lux meter manual 4 3 2 1 bat apo klux kfc 1 2 disable hold rs232 fc lux max rel hold m i n apo auto ranging light meter light backwith rs232. The solinst model 122 interface meter has a narrow 58 16 mm diameter probe and uses lasermarked pvdf flat tape. The frequency of input signal is the displayed count, averaged over a suitable counting interval out of 0. Lcr measurement primer 6 of 78 1 what is impedance. Here, the magnitude of the amplifier is not a critical factor, its gain should be large. The user will be provided with a digital code with user electricity procurement information by the electricity vending office after electricity procurement at designated vending office, which will be input into the energy meter through uiu keypad by the user, verified by the energy meter to realize recharge. Impedance changes according to the components in the circuit and the frequency of the. Robust mass flow metercontroller robust mass flow metercontroller series d6300. It is total illuminance flux incident on a surface per unit area light falling to surface lux meter. One advantage of these current meters is direct analog reading of velocity. Their basic operation is like that of a transformer. Lcr meters are measuring instruments that measure a physical property known as impedance. It enables systematic pricing of energy consumed by individual consumer as it measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically powered device 1.
Before we introduce various types of power factor meters it is very essential to understand what are the needs of power factor meter. An electric meter or energy meter is an essential device that goes with consumption of commercially distributed energy. Symbol of power meter the traditional analog wattmeter is an electrodynamics instrument. Together, they form a magnetic core during measurements.
All of them infer temperature by sensing some change in a physical characteristic. The three phase energy meter has two discs mounted on the common shaft. There are four basic types of temperature measuring devices, each of which uses a different principle. The magnum magnetic flowmeter determines the flow of conductive liquids in pipes. A luxmeter is used for checking the level of luminance, or the light falling on a surface. The electronic energy meter is also better protected against tampering than its mechanical predecessor, and units for prepaid operation e. The meter which is used for measuring the power of three phase supply is known as the three phase energy meter. A conductor water, for example moving through a magnetic field generated by the magnum flowmeter see illustation will generate a current that is proportional to the velocity of the conductor. The two stationary coils, s and s 1, are connected in series in phase b.